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µù¥U®É¶¡: 2005-09-23 ¤å³¹: 30
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µoªí©ó: ¬P´Á¤G ¤Q¤ë 10, 2006 2:50 pm ¤å³¹¼ÐÃD: Gordon Allport and the Individual |
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Gordon Allport and the Individual
1978¦~¡AG. Allport³u¥@11¶g¦~¡A
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¡uþ¤@¦ì¤H®æ¤ß²z¾ÇªÌªº²z½×¡A¹ï§A¤é±`ªº¤u§@³Ì¦³»ùÈ¡H¡v
µ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡AS. Freud²Ä¤@¡AG. Allport²Ä¤G¡C
¦Û1937¦~G. Allport²Ä¤@¥»µÛ§@¡§Personality: A Psychological Interpretation¡¨¥Xª©¥H¨Ó
¤D¦Ü1961¦~²Ä¤G¥»µÛ§@ ¡§Pattern and Growth in Personality¡¨ªº°Ý¥@¡A
G. Allportªº¤H®æ²z½×¦b¬ü°ê¤ß²z¾Ç¬É½T¹ê¤Þ»â·Ä̼ƤQ¦~¡C
¥E¬Ý¨âÓ¤£¬Æ¬ÛÃöªº¨âÓ¤H¡AS. Freud»PG. Allport¡A
´¿¦³¹L¤@¦¸·|½Í¡]1920¦~¡AG. Allport·í®É22·³¡^¡C
½Í¸Ü¤¤G. Allportı¹î¨ìS. Freud¥¿¸Õ¹Ï¤ÀªR¦Û¤v¡A©ó¬O¥OG. Allport·P¨ì¤£¬Æ¦Û¦b¦Ó§xµ~¡C
³o¯ë¤£´r§Öªº¡u¦´Á¸gÅç¡v¡A¨Ï±oG. Allport¤é«á©Òµo®iªº¤H®æ²z½×¡A
¬Û·í±j½ÕÓ¤H·NÃѼh±¤Wªº¥\¯à¦Û¥D¡]functional autonomy¡^¦Ó«D¼ç·NÃѤ¤ªºÁô³ë¤º®e¡A
µÛ«²Î§Ú¡]proprium¡^ªº¥¿¦Vµo®i¦Ó«D¦Û§Ú¡]ego¡^ªº¨ó½Õ¾÷¨î¡C
G. Allport¹ï¤H®æªº©w¸q¦Ü¤µ¤´¼s¬°¨ü¨ì¾Ç¬É¤Þ¥Î¡]1961¡^¡G
¤H®æ¬O¤@Ó¤Hªº¤ß²z¥Í²z¨t²Î©Ò§Î¦¨ªº¤º¦b°ÊºA²Õ´¡A¥¦¨M©w¤F¯S¦³ªº¦æ¬°©M«ä·Q¡C
G. Allportº¥ý°Ï¤À¤FÓ¤H¯S½è¡]individual traits¡^»P¦@¦³¯S½è¡]common traits¡^ªº¤£¦P¡A
¨Ã´NÓ¤H¯S½èªº³¡¥÷¡]disposition¡^¤À¬°¤TÓ¼h¦¸¡G
¥Dn¯S½è¡]cardinal dispositions¡^¡B®Ö¤ß¯S½è¡]central dispositions¡^
»P¦¸n¯S½è¡]secondary dispositions¡^¡C
¤]¦]¦¹¡AG. Allport³Qµø¬°¬O¤H®æ¯S½è½×ªº¥ýÅX¡C
¦b¤H®æµo®i¤è±¡A»PS. Freud»PE. Eriksonªº¬Ýªk¬Û·í¤£¦P¡A
G. Allport»{¬°ÓÅé¥X¥Í«á²Ä¤@¦~ªº¸gÅç¹ï¥¼¨Óªº¤H®æµo®i¨Ã¨S¦³¥ô¦óÃöÁä©Êªº¼vÅT¡C
¦b²Î§Ú¡]proprium¡^µo®iªº·§©À¬[ºc¤U¡Aªì¥Í¤@¦~ªºÀ¦¨à¤£¹L¤~èè·NÃѨì¦Û¤v¨Å骺¦s¦b¦Ó¤w¡A
¤]´N¬OG. Allport©Ò¿×ªº¨Åé§Ú·P¡]sense of bodily ¡§me¡¨¡^¡C
ÀH«á¡A¤G·³®Éµo®i¥X¦Û§Ú»{©w·P¡]sense of self-identity¡^¡A
¤T·³®É¦³¤F¦Û´L¤ß¡]sense of self-esteem¡^¡A¥|·³®Éı¹î¨ì¦Û§Úªº©µ¦ù¡]sense of self-extension¡^¡A
¤·³®É»{ÃѦۧڧζH¡]self-image¡^¡A¤»·³®É¶}©l¦Û§Úªº²z©Ê«ä¦Ò¡]self as a rational copier¡^¡A
¤Q¤G·³¦Ü«C¦~´Á¶¥¬q¶}©l«Ø¥ß°_¥Í©R·N¸q·P»P¤H¥Í¥Ø¼Ð¡]appropriate striving¡^¡A
¦¨¦~¥H«á¥þµM²z¸Ñ¨Ã¯à²Î¦X«e±¤CÓ¶¥¬qªºµo®i¡]self as a knower¡^¡C
¥\¯à¦Û¥D¡]functional autonomy¡^¬OG. Allport´£¥Xªº¤@Ӥ߲z°Ê¾÷·§©À¡G
¬°¤F±q¨Æ¬Y¥ó¬¡°Ê¦Ó±q¨Æ¤§¡A¤£¦A»Ýn¨ä¥L¥~¬Éªº¥ô¦ó§Î¦¡ªº¼W±j¡C
µM¦Ó¡A¹ï©ó¥\¯à¦Û¥D¤§©Ò¥H§Î¦¨ªºì¦]¤Î¨ä¹B§@¾÷¨î¡AG. Allport¨Ã¥¼¦³©ú½T¸ÑÄÀ»P¬ÛÃö¬ã¨s¡A
¤]¬O¬Û·í¦Q¸Þªº¤@¥ó¨Æ¡C
G. AllportP¤O©ó¤H®æªº¹ê¦a¬ã¨s¡A¤D¬O°ò©óªí²{©Ê¦æ¬°¡]expressive behavior¡^ªº°ò¥»°²©w¡G
±q¤@Ó¤Hªº¦æ¨Æ§@·¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¥Lªº¤H®æ¯S½è¡C
³o¬O¤@Ó«D±`¡u·Q·íµMº¸¡vªº·Qªk¡A¦ý§@¤@Ӥ߲z¾Ç®a¡AG. Allport±N¥¦©ñ¦b¬ã¨s±¡¹Ò¤¤¦ÒÅç¨ä¯u¹ê©Ê¡A
¤]±o¨ì¤F¥L©Ò¹w´Áªºµ²ªG¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¥L¹ï¡u¦r¸ñ»P¤H®æ¡vªº¬ã¨s¡AÃÒ¹ê¤F¦r¸ñ»P¤H®æ¤§¶¡ªº¤@P©Ê¡F
¥L»PP. E. Vernonªº¬ã¨s¤]ÃÒ¹ê¤F¦P¤@Ó¤Hªº¤£¦P¦æ¬°¤§¶¡½T¹ê¨ã¦³¦@³q©Ê¡A
¨Ã¥B¦b¤£¦P®É¶¡¤Wªº¦æ¬°ªí²{¤]¬Û·í¤@P¡C
¦¹¥~¡AG. Allport¹ï©óJennyªº«H¥ó©Ò°µªº¤º®e¤ÀªR¡]content analysis¡^§ó¬OӮ׬ã¨s¤¤ªº¸gÅ礧§@¡C
G. Allport»{¬°À¦¨à»P¦¨¤H¤§¶¡¡B°Êª«»P¤HÃþ¤§¶¡¡B²§±`¤H»P¥¿±`¤H¤§¶¡¨ã
¦³µÛ¤£³sÄò©Ê¡]uncontinuity¡^ªº¯S©Ê¡C³oºØ¬Ýªk´¶¹M¨ü¨ì½èºÃ»P§åµû¡C
³\¦h¾ÇªÌ¬Û«H¡A¨â·¥¤§¶¡©TµM¦³¥»½è¤Wªº¤£¦P¡A¦ý¬O¼Æ¶q©Îµ{«×ªº®t²§¤]¬O¦s¦b¡A¤£¯à¨MµM¹º¤À¤Á³Î¡C
¶ÈºÞ¦p¦¹¡A§@¬°¤H®æ¤ß²z¾Çªº¥ýÅX¡AG. Allport¶}³Ð¤FÄÝ©ó¤H®æ¤ß²z¾Çªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¡A
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