¥H¡u¤ß ¡v¬°µo·Q°ò¦¡A¨â¤ßµ²¦XªíÂù¦V·¾³q¦Ó¥|­Ó¥b¶êªí¨ä·¾³q¤§«ùÄò©Ê¡A¦¹Mark¥ç¦³©¯¹B¯ó¤§¶H·L¡Aªí¦¹¤ß²z¿Ô°Ó¸ê°TºôºûÅ@µÛ¤j²³ªº¨­¤ßÅv¯q¡AÃöÃh§A¡B§Úªº¤ßÆF¡C              ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@

¡@ ¦^¨ì¤ý´¼¥°¦Ñ®vµÛ§@¥Ø¿ý     

±q±M·~­Û²zªºÆ[ÂI¬Ý¤ß²z®vªkªº¹L¥h¡B²{¦b»P¥¼¨Ó
¡@

¹ü¤Æ®v¤j»²¾É»P¿Ô°Ó¾Ç¨t ¤ý´¼¥°  

    

        

¤@¡B             «á¤ß²z®vªk®É¥Nªº¨ÓÁ{

    ¤E¤Q¦~¤Q¤@¤ë¤G¤Q¤@¤é¤ß²z®vªk¥ÑÁ`²Î¤½§G¹ê¬I¡A¥xÆWªº¿Ô°Ó»P»²¾É¤u§@¶i¤J¤F©Ò¿×ªº¡u«á¤ß²z®vªk®É¥N¡v¡A¤]´N¬O¥¿¦¡¶i¤J¤F±M·~°õ·Óªº®É¥N¡A±q¨â¦¸°ª¦Ò»P¤@¦¸¯S¦ÒªºÁ|¿ì¤§«á¡A¨ã¦³°õ·Ó¤ß²z®vªº¼Æ¶q§Ö³t¼W¥[¡A±M·~ÃÒ·Ó¨ú±oªº¬ÛÃöijÃD¤]¦¨¬°¿Ô°Ó»²¾É¹ê°È¬Éªº°Q½×µJÂI¡A¤ß²z®vªkªº¹ê¬I¤w¸g¹ï¥xÆWªº§U¤H±M·~¹ê°È¬É±a¨Ó¤F½ÄÀ»¡A¹ê°È¬É©Ò¥X²{ªº¼ö¯P°Q½×¡A°£¤F¬YºØµ{«×¥YÅã¤FÃÒ·Ó¨î«×¥»¨­³z¹L¸ê®æ»{©w¡B¯Èµ§¦Ò¸Õµ¥§Î¦¡¹B§@¡A½T¹ê¦³¨ä¯Ê¥¢»P­­¨î¦s¦b¡]¤ý´¼¥°¡A¥Á93¡^¤§¥~¡A¥Ñ©ó¤ß²z®v³Qµø¬°¬OÂå¨Æ¤H­û¡A¥DºÞ³æ¦ì¦b½Ã¥Í¸p¡A¤ß²z®vªk¡]¥Á90¡^²Ä¥|¤Q¤G±ø²Ä¤@¶µ©Ò¸ü©ú¡u¥¼¨ú±oÁ{§É¤ß²z®v©Î¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z®v¸ê®æ¡A¾Õ¦Û°õ¦æÁ{§É¤ß²z®v©Î¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z®v·~°ÈªÌ¡A³B¤G¦~¥H¤U¦³´Á®{¦D¡A±o¨Ö¬ì·s¥x¹ô¤T¸U¤¸¥H¤W¤Q¤­¸U¥H¤U»@ª÷¡v¡A¦¹µ¥¥]§t¦D¨Æ»@¡]®{¦D¡^»P¦æ¬F»@¡]»@ª÷¡^ªº³B»@³W©w¡A»PÂå®vªk¤¤³B»@±KÂ媺³W©w¨ÃµL¤G­P¡A¥i»¡¬O¬Û·íÄY®æªº¡A¦]¦¹¥ç¤Þ°_³\¦h§U¤H±M·~¤H­û¡]±M¾¤H­û©Î§ÓÄ@ªA°È¤H­û¡^ªºµJ¼{¡C

    µL½×¬O¤ß²z®v¦Ò¸Õ¨î«×ªº¤Ï¬Ù©Î©Ò¿×¡u±K¤ß²z®vµJ¼{¯g¡vªº±¡ºü½¯©µ¡A«á¤ß²z®vªk®É¥N¦³³\¦h­È±oÃö¤ÁªºÄ³ÃD¡]¤ý´¼¥°¡A¥Á91a¡A¥Á91b¡A¥Á93¡^¡A¥Ñ©ó¤ß²z®vªk¤½§G¹ê¬I«á¤´¦³¤­¦~ªº½w½Ä´Á¡A¦b¤E¤Q¤­¦~¤Q¤@¤ë¤G¤Q¤@¤é¤§«e¡A°ê¤ºªº¿Ô°Ó»²¾É¾÷ºc»P¤H­û°£¤F¥i¹B¥Î¦¹¤@¤­¦~ªº½w½Ä´Á¥H¶i¦æ¬ÛÃöªº½Õ¾A»P·Ç³Æ¤§¥~¡A³z¹L¹ï¤ß²z®vªk¹ê¬I«á©Ò±a¨Óªº½ÄÀ»»P¤Ï«ä¡A±N¥i°µ¬°¥¼¨Ó±M·~µo®i¤è¦V³W¹º»Pªk¥O­×§ï¤§°Ñ¦Ò¡C¥»¤åÂÔ²­n¥H±M·~­Û²zªºÆ[ÂI°w¹ï¤ß²z®vªkªº¹L¥h¡B²{¦b»P¥¼¨Ó¡A¤Î©Ò¯A¤Îªº¬ÛÃöijÃD¥H±´°Q¡A¥H´£¨Ñ¿Ô°Ó±M·~¦P¤¯¶i¤@¨B°Q½×°Ñ¦Ò¡C

 

¤G¡B             «×ªº¨¤¦â¡F¨ä¤G¬O¦¹µ¥ÃÒ·Ó¨î«×ªº¹ê¬I¥i¯à¬Oªø»·ªº¥¼¨Ó¤~¥i¯àµo¥Íªº¨Æ¡C¦]¦¹ÃÒ·Ó¨î«×ªº±À°Ê¦ü¥G¥D­n¦s©ó¾Ç³Nªº¬ã¨s©Î¤é±`¸ÜÃDªº°Q½×¤§¤¤¡A¬O§_¯à°÷¹ê²{¤j¬ù¬O­n±H±æ©ó¥¼¨Ó¡A¦Ó¥B¬O»á¦³¶ZÂ÷¤ß²z®vªkªº¹L¥h¡Ð±M·~­Û²z¤í¯ÊÃÒ·Ó¨î«×©Ò«Ø¥ßªºªkªv©Ê°ò¦

Ãö©ó¿Ô°Ó±M·~¤H­ûÃÒ·Ó¨î«×ªº°Q½×¨ä¹ê¥Ñ¨Ó¤w¤[¡A±Ð¨|³¡°V¨|©e­û·|´¿¿n·¥±À°Êªº¤»¦~»²¾É­p¹º¤¤§ó¦³¬ÛÃöªº¬ã¨s±M®×¶i¦æ¾Ç²zªº±´°Q»P¨î«×ªº³W¹º¡A¤£¹L´N·í®É´¶¹M¬y¶Çªº¦UºØ¬Ýªk¤¤¡A­Ó¤H¦L¶H¸û²`¨èªº¦³¨âÂI¡G¨ä¤@¬O¾Ç¬É¦ü¥G´Á«Ý±Ð¨|³¡¯à§êºt±À°ÊÃҷӨ¥¼¨Ó¡Aªì¤J¿Ô°Ó±M·~ªº§Ú»P¦P¦æªº¨p¤U°Q½×¤¤¡A¬Æ¦Ü¹ï¬O§_¯à¦b¦Û¤v°h¥ð¤§«e±o¥H¹ê²{·P¨ìÃhºÃ¡C

¥Ñ©óÃÒ·Ó¨î«×¹ï¤ß²z¿Ô°Ó±M·~¤H­û¥i´£¨Ñ²M·¡ªº±M·~¨¤¦â¬É©w¡A¨Ã»¡©ú±M·~ªA°Èªº½d³ò¡A§ó¥i´£¨Ñ¤ß²z¿Ô°Ó¤H­ûªº±M·~¾ºÙªº«OÅ@(Anderson  & Swanson,1994) ¡CÂǥѱ¤©»P§ó·sÃÒ·Óªº¹Lµ{¡AÃÒ·Ó¥DºÞ¾÷ºc¤]±o¥H­n¨D±M·~¤H­û¨ã³Æ±M·~ªºª¾ÃÑ»P§Þ³N¡A¨Ã¶i¦æ±M·~ºÊ·þªº¤u§@¡]¤ý´¼¥°¡A¥Á88¡^¡CÃÒ·Ó¨î«×ªº¬I¦æ¬O¤ß²z¿Ô°Ó±M·~µo®iªº¦ÛµMÁͶաC

´Nµ§ªÌ­Ó¤H¦Ó¨¥¡A¹ïÃÒ·Ó¨î«×ªºÃöª`¬O©l©ó¥Á°ê¤C¤Q¤E¦~°_¡A­Ó¤H¦]½t»Ú·|¦a§ë¤J¿Ô°Ó±M·~­Û²zªº¬ã¨s°_¨Ó¡A°ò©ó¬ã¨s±M·~­Û²zªº½t¬G¡A¤£Â_±µÄ²¨ì¿Ô°Ó±M·~Åé¨tªº¨î«×«Øºc»P±M·~¦Û«ßªº¾÷¨î³W¹ºµ¥Ä³ÃD¡A±q­Û²z±Ð¨|¡B­Û²z¦u«h¡B­Û²z©e­û·|¡B¨ì­Û²z¹ê°È¹B§@ªº¦UºØ¥DÃD¡A´N¦¨¬°­Ó¤H¦b¾Ç²z»P¹ê°È±´°Q¤¤­n¤£Â_¬ã¨s«ä¦Òªº­«ÂI¡A¦³Ãö±M·~­Û²z¾÷¨î«Ø¥ßªº±´°Qµ²ªG³£¤£¬ù¦Ó¦Pªº«ü¦V¤@­Ó­«ÂI¡AÃÒ·Ó¨î«×¬O¹ê²{­Û²z¨î«×¹Lµ{¤¤¨ã­«­n©Ê»PÃöÁä©Êªº¤@Àô¡C¥Ñ©ó·í¨Æ¤H»PªÀ·|¤j²³¹ï¤ß²z¿Ô°Ó±M·~ªº¤½¦@«H¥ô(public trust)¬O¤ß²z¿Ô°Ó±M·~¦w¨­¥ß©Rªº°ò¦(Blocher,1987) ¡A¦ÓÃÒ·Ó¨î«×»P±M·~­Û²z¥i»¡¬O¤ß²z¿Ô°Ó±M·~Àò¨ú¤½¦@«H¥ôªº¨â¤j°ò¥Û¡]¤ý´¼¥°¡A¥Á88¡^¡A¹ï¿Ô°Ó±M·~µo®iªº­«­n©Ê¤£¨¥¥i³ë¡C

¥»¨Ó³z¹L¥ßªkªº¤è¦¡±À°Ê±M·~ªº³W½d¥D­n¦³¥|ºØ«¬ºA¡A¨Ã«D¥u¦³°õ·Ó¤@³~¡A¨Ì³W½d¤§ÄY®æµ{«×»P­n¨D¤§¼Ð·Ç¨Ó¤À¡A¨Ì§Ç¦p¤U( ¤ý´¼¥°¡A¥Á88¡FAnderson, 1996¡FAnderson & Swanson, 1994¡FCorey, Corey & Collanan, 1993¡FRetfavi & Simon, 1996)¡G¤@¬Oµø¹î (inspection)¡B¤G¬Oµù¥U(registration)¡B¤T¬OÀË©w(certification)¡B¥|¬O°õ·Ó(licensure)¡A¨ä·U«áªÌ³W½d·UÄY®æ¡B­n¨D¼Ð·Ç¤]·U°ª¡C

©Ò¿×ªºµø¹î¡A¬O«ü¬F©²³z¹Lµø¹î­û¤£©w´Áªº³Xµø¿Ô°Ó®v¡A¥H½T©w¨ä¤u§@¤º®e¦X¥G¨ä±M·~½d³ò»P¨ä¦æ¬°ªí²{¦X¥G­Û²z¼Ð·Ç¡F©Ò¿×ªºµù¥U¡A¬O«ü¿Ô°Ó®v­n¦b¤u§@ªº©Ò¦b¦a¦b¦X¥G±Ð¨|»P°V½m­I´ºªº­n¨D¤U¡Aµn°Oµù¥U¬°·í¦aªº±M·~¤H­û¥H¨ú±o¤u§@ªºÂ¾ºÙ©ÎÀY»Î¡F©Ò¿×ªºÀË©w¡A³q±`¦b¨ã³Æ±M·~±Ð¨|­I´º¤§«e´£¤U­n¦A¸g¹L¦Ò¸Õ¡A¤~¯à¨ú±o¸ê®æ»PÀY»Î¡A¦ÓÀË©w³Ì­«­nªº¥\¯à§Y¬O±M·~ÀY»Îªº«O»Ù¡F©Ò¿×ªº°õ·Ó¡A³q±`¨ä­n¨D¼Ð·Ç¸ûÀË©w¬°°ª¡A°£À³¨ã³Æ±Ð¨|»P¹ê°È¸gÅç­I´º¤§¥~¡AÁÙ­n¦A³q¹L±M·~¿Ô°Ó®v©e­û·|(¦pNBCC)ªº°õ·Ó¦Ò¸Õ(¥]¬Aµ§¸Õ»P¤f¸Õµ¥)¡A°õ·Ó°£´£¨Ñ±M·~ÀY»Îªº«O»Ù¤§¥~¡A¤]´£¨Ñ±M·~¹ê°È¤u§@½d³òªº«O»Ù¡A¦Ó±q¸ê®æ¼f¬d¡B±M·~¦Ò¸Õ¡B±Â¤©°õ·Ó¡B¦Q¾P°õ·Ó¡B§ó·s°õ·Óªº¹Lµ{¡A¥H½T«O±M·~¤H­û«ùÄò¦b¾¶i­×¨Ãªí²{¦X¥G±M·~»P­Û²zªº¦æ¬°¡A¦]¦¹¡A°õ·Ó¨î«×ªº«Ø¥ß¬O±M·~³W½d¥ßªk¤¤³Ì©P¥þ¦ÓÄYÂÔªº§Î¦¡¡C

¤£¹L±q¬ü°ê¤ß²z¿Ô°Ó±M·~µo®iªº­y¸ñ¨Ó¬Ý¡A¹ï±M·~­Û²z­«­n©ÊªºÅé»{»P±M·~­Û²z¦u«hªº¨î©w¬O¤@ª½¨ì¤F1950¦~¥N¥H«á¤~¨ü¨ì¿n·¥ªº­«µø(Canter, Bennett, Jones & Nagy,1994¡FHerlihy & Corey, 1996)¡A¹ï©óÃÒ·Ó¨î«×­«­n©Êªº»{ª¾»P¥ßªk¤u§@ªº¶i¦æ¡A¤]¬O¦b³o³Ìªñªº¤T¤Q¦~¨Ó©Ò³vº¥§Î¦¨ªº(Anderson & Swanson,1994) ¡A¦]¦¹¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ±M·~ÃÒ·Ó¨î«×»P±M·~­Û²zªº±À°Ê½T¹ê¤£¬O¤@Ãà¥i´Xªº¡A»Ý­nªø´Áªº±À°Ê»P«ùÄòªº§V¤O¡C

§Ú°ê±M·~­Û²z¤u§@¥Ñ©ó¤@ª½¤í¯ÊÃÒ·Ó¨î«×©Ò«Ø¥ßªºªkªv©Ê°ò¦¡A¦]¦¹¡A¦b¸¨¹ê»P±À°Ê¤W³£¾D¹J¤F¤jÀô¹Ò¤Wªº§xÃø¡A­n¸¨¹ê±M·~­Û²z¦³¥²­n±À°ÊÃÒ·Ó¨î«×ªº¥ßªk¤u§@¡A³o¬Oµ§ªÌ±À°ÊÃÒ·Ó¨î«×ªº¥XµoÂI»P°Ê¤O©Ò¦b¡C

   

            

¤T¡B             ¤ß²z®vªkªº±À°Ê¡Ð¤E¤G¤@¤j¦a¾_ªº½ÄÀ»¹ï¤ß²z®vªk²£¥Í§êºt¤F¶Ê¥Íªº¨¤¦â

¤E¤G¤@¤j¦a¾_µo¥Í¤§«e¡AÁ{§É¤ß²z¾Ç¬É©Ò¯óÀÀªºÁ{§É¤ß²z®vªk¤w¦b¦æ¬F°|±Æ¶¤µ¥­Ô¼f¬d¦h®É¡A¤j¦a¾_©Ò¤Þµoªº§U¤H±M·~¤H¤O»Ý¨D¡A¨Ï±oÁ{§É¤ß²z®vªk¯ó®×±o¥H§Ö³tªº³q¹L¦æ¬F°|·|¡A¶i¤J¥ßªk°|ªº½Ã¥ÍÀô¹Ò»PªÀ·|ºÖ§Q©e­û·|¡C

    ¦b¥ßªk©e­û´M¨D´£¥XÁ{§É¤ß²z®vªk¬Û¹ïª©¥»®É¡A´£¥X¤F­q©w¥þ¬ì¤ß²z®vªkª©¥»ªººc·Q»P¯ó®×¡A¨Ã¥H¦¹¦b¤K¤Q¤E¦~¥|¤ë¶¡¿Ô¸ß¤¤°ê»²¾É¾Ç·|ªº·N¨£¡A¬°¦¹¤¤°ê»²¾É¾Ç·|¦¨¥ß¤F¡u¤ß²z®vªk±À°Ê¤p²Õ¡v¥H±M³d³B²z¬ÛÃöªº¥ßªk¬ã¨s¡B¨ó°Ó¨Æ©y»PªÀ·|°Ê­û¡AÀHµÛ¥ßªk°|¤½Å¥·|ªºÁ|¿ì¡BÁ{§É¤ß²z¾Ç¬É»P¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z¾Ç¬É¶¡°¨©ÔªQ¦¡ªºªk±ø¨ó°Ó¡B¿Ô°Ó»²¾É¬ÛÃö¬ì¨tªº·N¨£¦¬¶°»P¤½Å¥·|Á|¿ì¡B´M¨D¥Á¶¡¹ÎÅ骺¤ä«ù»P¥þ¥Áªº³s¸p¡B¤¤°ê»²¾É¾Ç·|«ùÄòª§¨ú´Â³¥¥ß©e»P½Ã¥Í¸pªº¤ä«ù¡A¦bªø´Áªºªk±ø¬ãÀÀ»P¨ó°Ó¤§«á¡AÁ{§É»P¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z¾Ç¬É³Ì«á¹F¦¨¦@ÃѨϪk±ø¶i¤J¤@Ūµ{§Ç¡A¦b¤@Ū¤§«áªº´Â³¥¨ó°Ó¹Lµ{¤¤¡Aªk±ø¦b»@«hªº±ø¤å¤W¤S°µ¤F­«¤jªº­×¥¿¡A³Ì«á²×¦b¤E¤Q¦~¤Q¤ë¤T¤Q¤@¤é©ó¥ßªk°|²Ä¥|©¡²Ä¤»·|´Á²Ä¤»¦¸·|ij¤W¤G¡B¤TŪ³q¹L¡C

    ±q±M·~­Û²z»P·í¨Æ¤HÅv¯qªº¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý¦¹¤@¤ß²z®vªkªº¥ßªk¹Lµ{¡A¦³­È±oÆ[¹î¤§³B¡G¡]¤@¡^¤ß²z®vªk¦b±ø¤å¤W±j½Õ¤F±M·~­Û²zªº­«­n©Ê¡A¨Ã¦³©ú­q±M·~­Û²z³W½d¡]²Ä¤­¤Q¤C¡B¤­¤Q¤K¡B¤­¤Q¤E±ø¡^»P«OÅ@·í¨Æ¤HºÖ¬ç»PÅv¯q¡]²Ä¤Q¤C¡B¤Q¤E¡B¤G¤Q¤­±ø¡^¤§¬ÛÃö±ø¤å³W©w¡A¬O¦¹ªk¶i¨B¤§³B¡C¡]¤G¡^½Ã¥Í¸p°ò©óºûÅ@ºë¯«¬ìÂå®v·~°È½d³ò¤§¥ß³õ¡A¦b¤ß²z®v·~°È½d³ò¤¤¯A¤Îºë¯«¯e¯f·í¨Æ¤H¤§ªvÀø®É¡A³W©w»Ý¨üÂå®v¶}¨ã¤§¶EÂ_¤Î·Ó·|©ÎÂåÅñ¤§­­¨î¡A¦¹¦³¤£¦X²zªº­­¨î¤F¤ß²z®v¤§·~°È½d³ò»Pºë¯«¯e¯f·í¨Æ¤H±µ¨ü¤ß²zªvÀøÅv¯q¤§¯Ê¥¢¡A¬O¦¹ªk¦³«Ý§ï¶i¤§³B¡C¡]¤T¡^¦b¯S¦Ò³W©w¤W¡A±Æ°£°ª¤¤¥H¤U¿Ô°Ó»²¾É¤H­ûÀ³¦Ò¸ê®æ¤§°µªk¡A¦³¤£¦X²z¶S§í°ª¤¤¥H¤U¿Ô°Ó»²¾É¤u§@ªº¯Ê¥¢¡A¥ç¤£§Q¹ï°ª¤¤¥H¤U¾Ç®Õ¿Ô°Ó»²¾ÉªA°È·í¨Æ¤HÅv¯q¤§«O»Ù¡C

 

¥|¡B             ¤ß²z®vªk¬I¦æ«á¥Ø«e©Ò¾D¹Jªº­Û²z°ÝÃD

    ¤ß²z®vªk¬I¦æ¤w¦³¨â¦~¡A¥Ñ©ó¤ß²z®vªkªº¤½§G¹ê¦æ¡A¥Á²³¹ï¿Ô°Ó»²¾ÉªA°Èªº¤F¸Ñ»P±M·~´Á«Ý±N·|¤£Â_´£ª@¡A¹ï¿Ô°Ó»²¾É¤H­ûªº­Û²z­n¨D¤]·|ÀH¤§¤ôº¦²î°ª¡A°£¤F¿Ô°Ó­Û²zªº¶Ç²ÎijÃD¡G·í¨Æ¤HÅv¯q¡A§U¤HªÌ³d¥ô¥H¤Î§U¤H¾úµ{¤¤¬ÛÃöªºª¾«á¦P·N¡BÂù­«Ãö«Y¡B«O±K»P¹wĵ³d¥ôµ¥­Û²zijÃD¤§¥~¡A«á¤ß²z®vªk®É¥N©Ò»Ý­±¹ïªº­Û²zijÃDÁÙ¥]¬A¡]¤ý´¼¥°¡A¥Á93¡^¡G

¡]¤@¡^           ¸ê®æ¯à¤O»{©w¤§¬ÛÃö°ÝÃD

     ¥Ñ©ó¤ß²z®vªk°ª¡B¯S¦ÒªºÁ|¿ì¡A¦³Ãö¤ß²z®v±M·~¸ê®æ¯à¤Oªº°Q½×¥¿«ùÄòªº¶i¦æ¤§¤¤¡A±qÀ³¦Ò¸ê®æ¼f¬d¡B¬ÛÃö¬ì¥Ø»P¾Ç¤À¼Æ¤§»{©w¡B¾n¦a¹ê²ß¡B°õ·~°V½m¡A¥H¦ÜÄ~Äò±Ð¨|ÂI¼Æªº»{©w¡A¤@­Ó·sªº¹CÀ¸³W«h¥¿¦b¦¨§Î¡A¦¹µ¥¸ê®æ¯à¤O»{©wªº¬ÛÃö°ÝÃD¡A¯A¤Î¤F¦U¬ÛÃö¬ì¨tªº±M·~°V½m½Òµ{¶}³]¡B±M·~¹ê°È¾÷ºc»P±M·~¹ê°È¤u§@¸gÅ窺»{©w¡A¨ä¤¤¯S§OÂY±oÃö¤Áªº¬O¡G

1.             ¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z®v¦Ò¸Õªº°ÝÃD¡G¬ÛÃöªº°ÝÃD¥]¬A¡G¥xÆWªÀ·|¥Ñ¨Ó¤w¤[ªº¡u¦Ò¸Õ¤Þ¾É±Ð¾Ç¡vªº¤É¾Ç¥D¸q¤å¤Æ¡A·|¤£·|¹ï¤ß²z®v±Ð¨|°V½m½Òµ{ªº¹ê¬I±a¨Ó­t­±ªº¼vÅT¡H§Ú°ê¿W¯Sªº°ê®a¦Ò¸Õ¨î«×¹ï¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z®vªº°õ·Ó¦Ò¸Õ©Ò±a¨Ó¼vÅTÀ³¦p¦ó¥[¥HÆ[¹î»P¦^À³¡H¦]¦Ò¸Õ¸ê®æ¨ú±o¤§±M·~»{©w©Ò¹ï²{¦æ±M·~¹ê°È¾÷ºc»P±M·~¹ê°È¤u§@©Ò³y¦¨ªº½ÄÀ»¡AÀ³¦p¦ó¥[¥H½Õ¸`¡H¯S§O¬O¿Ô°Ó»²¾É¹ê°È¾÷ºc»P¬ÛÃö¹ê°È¤u§@¾°Èªº¤H­û¸u¥Î¡A¦]¤ß²z®v°õ·Ó¤§¦³µL¦Ó³y¦¨¥ô¥Î»P§_ªº«áªG¡A¿Ô°Ó±M·~¬É­n¦p¦ó¥[¥H©Ó¾á¡H¦¹µ¥°ÝÃD¬O­È±o«ùÄòÆ[¹î»PÃö¤Áªº¡C

©Î³\¦b¦Ò¸Õ¨î«×³]­p¤W¡A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò¬ü°ê»P¥[®³¤j¤§§@ªk¡]§Y¤ß²z®v¦Ò¸Õ©e¥Ñ¥Á¶¡±M·~¾Ç·|¨Ó°õ¦æ¡A¤j³¡¤Àªº¦{»P¬Ùªº°õ·Ó¦Ò¸Õ¤º®e¥]¬Aµ§¸Õ¨â¬ì¡G¤ß²z¾Ç¹ê°È¡Bªk«ß»P±M·~­Û²z¡A¥H¤Î¤f¸Õ£¸¬ì¡A¨ä¤¤µ§¸Õ¤§¹ê°È¦ÒÃD§ó¬O¥H¥]§t¤K¤j»â°ì¥DÃD©Ò§Î¦¨¤§200ÃD¹q¸£¤Æ´úÅçÃD¡^¡]ASPPB¡A2002¡FCalifornia Board of Psychology¡A2003¡^¡A¨Ï¨ä§Î¦¡»P¤º²[§ó¹³¬O²Î¾ã©Ê´úÅç¡A¦Ó«D²{¦æ¹L©óµÛ­«»{ª¾°O¾Ð¤§ÃD«¬¡A±©¦¹¨Æ¯A¤Î¦Ò¸Õ°|¤§Åv³d¡A§Y¯A¤Î§Ú°ê°ê®aÅé¨î¤§°ÝÃD¡A¨Ã¤£©ö¬ð¯}¡C

¥t¥~ªº¦]À³¹ïµ¦«h¬°¡G¬O§_¦Ò¼{°Ñ¦Ò¬ü°ê¤§²{¦æÅé¨î¡A¥t¥ß¥H¾Ç¤h¼h¯Å¬°¦Ò¸Õ¸ê®æ­n¨D¤§¡u¿Ô°Ó®vªk¡v¡A¥H¸û©P¥þªº¦Ò¼{¤£¦P±M·~¤H­ûªºªA°È½d³ò¡C

2.     ±M·~½Òµ{»P¹ê²ß¾÷ºcªº»{ÃÒ°ÝÃD¡G¦³Ãö¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z¾Çµ{ªº»{©w»P¾n¦a¹ê²ß¾÷ºcªº»{©w¡A¥H°t¦X¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z®v¤§°ö°V¡A¥ç¬O»á­È±o¶i¤@¨B¥[¥HÆ[¹î»P¬Ù«äªºÄ³ÃD¡C

¡]¤G¡^           ªk«ß»P­Û²zijÃDªº¨³³t¼W¥[

    ¥]¬A¤ß²z®vªk¥»¨­±ø¤åªº­×­q¡A¥H¤Î¯A¤Î¤ß²z®v¥ô¥Îªº¬ÛÃöªk³W¤§­×­q¡A¤w¸g¬O¤@¶µ¥²¶·«ùÄò¹B§@ªº¯E¤j¤uµ{¡A¤ß²z®v°õ·~«áªºªA°È«~½è»PÂåÀøªÈ¯É¡A§ó¼W±j¤F±M·~¹ê°È¹Lµ{¤¤ªk«ßijÃDªº­«­n©Ê¡A°£¤F±M·~¤H­û»P¦æ¬F¡B¥ßªk³¡ªùªº¤¬°Ê·|«ùÄò¼W¥[¤§¥~¡A¤ß²z®v»P¥qªk³¡ªùªº±µÄ²¥ç±N§ó¬°ÀWÁc¡A±q¬ü°ê¿Ô°Ó¾Ç·|©Ò¥Xª©ªº¤@¨t¦Cªk«ßÂO®Ñªº²{¶H¨Ó¬Ý¡A°õ·Ó¨î«×¤Uªºªk«ßijÃD·|¦b¹ê°È¤u§@¤¤§êºt§ó­«­nªº¨¤¦â¡C

    »Pªk«ßijÃD¬ÛÃöªº­Û²zijÃD¥ç·|¨ü¨ì§ó¦hªº­«µø¡A¥]¬A±M·~­Û²z¾÷¨îªº«Ø¥ß»P½Õ¾ã¡A­Û²z±Ð¨|¡B­Û²z©e­û·|ªº³]¸m¡B­Û²z¥Ó¶D®×¥óªº³B²z¡B­Û²z¦u«hªº­×­q»PÄÀºÃ¡B­Û²z±M®aªº¥X®x§@ÃÒµ¥¡AÀHµÛ¤ß²z®vÃÒ·Ó¨î«×ªº«Ø¥ß¡A¬ÛÃö­Û²zijÃDªº­«­n©Ê»PÄY­«©Ê¥çÀH¤§¼W¥[¡A­Û²z»Pªk«ßijÃDªº¤¬°Ê©Ê§ó¬O¤£Â_¤É°ª¡C

¡]¤T¡^           ¦¬¶O¨î«×¡B±M·~¦æ¾P»P´CÅé¹B¥ÎªºÄ³ÃD¯B¤WÂi­±

    ¤ß²z®v°õ·~«áªº¦¬¶O¨î«×»P¦¬¶O¼Ð·Ç¡A¬O¤@¶µ¦³«Ý±´°Q»PÂç²Mªº­«­nijÃD¡A¯A¤Îªº¼h­±¥]¬A¬ÛÃö¥ô¥Î»â°ìªº¥I¶O³W©w¡A°·«Oµ¹¥IÃB«×ªº½R°Ó¡A¨p¤H¶}·~©Î¥Á¶¡¾÷ºcªº¦¬¶O¼Ð·Ç¡A¥Á²³±µ¨ü¤ß²z¿Ô°Ó»P¤ß²zªvÀøªº®ø¶OÅv¯qµ¥Ä³ÃD¡A¥Ø«eÁö©|µL©w½×¡A¦ý¤w¸g³vº¥¯B¥XÂi­±¡A¥i¹w¨£ªº¬O¥Á²³ªº¸gÀÙ­t²ü¡BªÀ·|´Á«Ý»P¬F©²ªº½Ã¥Í¬Fµ¦±N·|¹ï¦¬¶O¨î«×±a¨Ó¬Û·íµ{«×ªº¼vÅT¤O¡C

    »P¦¬¶O¨î«×»á¬°¬ÛÃöªº°ÝÃD¬O¦³Ãö±M·~¦æ¾PªºÄ³ÃD¡A¤ß²z®v¦p¦ó»P¥Á²³¤¬°Ê¡A«Ø¥ß¨ä±M·~§Î¶H»P¤Þµo¥Á²³¤§®ø¶O¦æ¬°¡A¦¨¬°¤ß²z®vºû«ù±M·~ªA°Èªº­«­n½ÒÃD¡A§U¤H±M·~ªA°È¨Ã«D¤@¯ë¤§®ø¶OªA°È¡A¨Ã¦³¨ä±M·~¸ê®æ»P·~°È½d³ò¤§­­©w¡A¥H¤Î±M·~­Û²z¤§³W½d¡A¦]¦¹¡A¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß±M·~§Î¶H»P¾A¤Áªº¦æ¾P¡A«K¦¨¬°¤ß²z®v°õ·~¹Lµ{¤¤ªº­«­nijÃD¡C

    »P±M·~¦æ¾P¬ÛÃöªº¬O´CÅé¹B¥Îªº°ÝÃD¡A¤£½×¬O³z¹L®Ñ­±©Î¼v­µªº¶Ç¼½´CÅé¡A¤ß²z®v¹B¥Î´CÅé¥H¶i¦æ±M·~¦æ¾P¡A©Î¬O´£¨Ñ±M·~ªA°È³£¬O«D±`¥i¯àªº¤u§@µ{§Ç¡A¥]¬A±µ¨ü¤j²³¶Ç¼½´CÅé±Ä³X¡B¥D«ù¸`¥Ø¡A©Î¬O³z¹L¨ç¥ó¡B¹q¸Ü»Pºô¸ôµ¥¥H±µÄ²·í¨Æ¤H´£¨Ñ¨Æ°ÈÁpô»P±M·~ªA°È¡A°ê¤º©|¥¼¦³¦p¬ü°ê¥[¦{©Ò­q©wªº¹q¸ÜÂåÀø¡]telemedicine¡^ªk³W¤§Ãþ¦ü¥ßªk¥H³W½d½Ñ¦p´CÅ餤¤¶¿Ô°Ó¡]mediated counseling¡^ µ¥ªº§U¤H±M·~¦¬¶OªA°È¡A¦Ó¦³Ãö´CÅé¹B¥Îªº¬ÛÃö´CÅé¤ß²z¾ÇijÃD¡A¤]¬O¿Ô°Ó»²¾É¤H­û¸û¬°­¯¥Íªº»â°ì¡A¦¹µ¥Ä³ÃD¤´¦³«Ý«ùÄò±´¯Á»P°Q½×¡C

¡]¥|¡^           ±M·~¤À¤u»P²Õ´µo®iªº°ÝÃD¦³«ÝÂç²M

    ¤ß²z®v°õ·Ó½T¥ß«á¡A¦³Ãö¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z®v¡BÁ{§É¤ß²z®v¡Bºë¯«¬ìÂå®v¡BªÀ¤u®v¡Bºë¯«ÂåÀøÅ@²z¤H­û¡B¾¯àªvÀø®vµ¥§U¤H±M·~¤§±M§Þ¤H­û¡A¦A¥[¤W¾Ç®Õ¤¤¤§»²¾É±Ð®v»P¯S®í±Ð¨|¦Ñ®vµ¥¤ß²z¬ÛÃö±Ð¨|¤H­û¤§¶¡¡A©¼¦¹ªº¤À¤u»P¾ã¦X¡A¬O°õ·~¤ß²z®v¥²¶·¥h­±¹ïªº­«­nijÃD¡A·~°È½d³òªº­«Å|µLªkÁקK¡A©¼¦¹ªº¤À¤u¤£¦ý¬Oªk«ß¼h­±ªºÄ³ÃD¡B¤]¬O§Þ³N¼h­±ªºÄ³ÃD¡C

    »P±M·~¤À¤u²§¦±¦P¤uªº¬ÛÃöijÃD¬O²Õ´µo®iªºÄ³ÃD¡A¬ÛÃöªº±M·~¾Ç·|¡B¨ó·|»P¤½·|¡A¹ï±M·~¤H­û¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ã¦³±M·~»{¦P»P±M·~³W½dªº¥\¯à¡A¤£¦Pªº±M·~²Õ´¦³¨ä¤£¦Pªº­Û²z¾÷¨î¡A¦¨¥ß¤£¦Pªº­Û²z©e­û·|¡A­q©w¤£¦Pªº­Û²z¦u«h»P¬ÛÃö³W½d¡A¤ß²z®vÀ³¦p¦óµo®i¨ä±M·~»{¦P¡H±µ¨ü¦óºØªº­Û²z³W½d¡H¤£¦P±M·~²Õ´»P±M·~­Û²z¾÷¨î¤§¶¡¤¬¬Û½Ä¬ð¡A¤ß²z®v±N¦ó¥h¦ó±q¡H¦p¦ó¨ú±Ë¡H¤£¦P§U¤H±M·~¶¡·~°È½d³ò­«Å|»P¥Í¦sªÅ¶¡½Ä¬ðªºÄ³ÃD·|³vº¥µo»Ã¡BÁßÆC¡A¦Ó¦¨¬°±M·~¤H­û»P±M·~²Õ´¹ï¥²¶·¥h¿ï¾Ü»PÂç²Mªº°ÝÃD¡C

 

 

¤­¡B             ¤ß²z®vªkªº¥¼¨Ó¡Ð·sªº±M·~µo®i»P­Û²zÀô¹Ò¥¿¦b§Î¦¨

«á¤ß²z®vªk®É¥Nªº¨ÓÁ{¡A°£¤F«ÅºÙ¤ß²z®v°õ·Ó¨î«×ªº«Ø¥ß¤§¥~¡A§ó¬O¹w§i¤F¤@­Ó·sªº±M·~µo®i»P­Û²zÀô¹Òªº§Î¦¨¡A¨ä¼vÅT©Ò¤Î¡A¤£¦ý·|§ïÅܲ{¦³±M·~ªA°Èµ{§Ç»P±M·~ªA°È¤º²[¡A§ó·|¹ï±M·~±Ð¨|»P±M·~¤H­ûªºªÀ·|¨¤¦â±a¨Ó²`»·ªº¼vÅT¡A´N¥Ø«eªºÆ[¹î¦Ó¨¥¡A¤W­zªº­Û²zijÃD¤w¸g³vº¥¯B¤WÂi­±¡A¬Æ¦Ü¤w¤Þµo¬Û·í¼ö¯Pªº°Q½×»Pª§Ä³¡C

¤ß²z®vªkªº¥¼¨Ó¡A§Ú­Ì¥²¶·­±¹ï¤W­zªº­Û²zijÃD¡A¨Ã´M¨D«ùÄòªº°Q½×»P°ÝÃDªº¸Ñ¨M¡Aªk¥Oªº­×­q¡B§U¤H±M·~¤H­û¤§¶¡ªº¦X§@»P¤u§@ª©¶ôªº½Õ¾ã³£·|¬O±N¨Ó¥²¶·­±¹ïªº§xÃø½ÒÃD¡A¦^ÅU¹L¥h¡B®i±æ¥¼¨Ó¡A¦b¥xÆW§U¤H±M·~µo®iªº¾ú¥vªøªeùØ¡A§Ú­Ì©Ò³Bªº¦ì¸mµL¹ç¬O³ÌªiÀܬ¤´é¡BªiÄi§§Á諸­«­n®É¨è¡A©ÎÅD¦b²W¡A½T¹ê¦ÒÅçµÛ§Ú­Ìªº«i®ð»P´¼¼z¡C

 

°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø

¤ß²z®vªk¡]¥Á90¡^¡C

¤ý´¼¥°¡]¥Á88¡^¡C¤ß²z¿Ô°Ó¤§ÃÒ·Ó¨î«×»P±M·~­Û²z¡C´úÅç»P»²¾É¡A154¡A3211-3214¡C 

¤ý´¼¥°¡]¥Á91a¡^ÁÚ¦V°·¥þªº¿Ô°Ó±M·~Åé¨t¡G±´°Q¤ß²z®vªkªº½ÄÀ»»P¿Ô°Ó±M·~ªº¦]À³¤§¹D¡C¥_°Ï¤j¾Ç°|®Õ»²¾É¿Ô¸ß¤¤¤ß³q°T¡X¼g·N¡A39¡A30-39¡C

¤ý´¼¥°¡]¥Á91b¡^§Ú°ê¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z®vªº±Ð¾Ç¡B¦Ò¸Õ»P¥ô¥Î¤§°t®M±¹¬I¡C¥_°Ï¤j¾Ç°|®Õ»²¾É¿Ô¸ß¤¤¤ß³q°T¡X¼g·N¡A39¡A40-41¡C

¤ý´¼¥°¡]¥Á93¡^«á¤ß²z®vªk®É¥N¥²¶·­±¹ïªº­Û²zijÃD¡C¥_°Ï¤j¾Ç°|®Õ»²¾É¿Ô¸ß¤¤¤ß³q°T¡X¼g·N¡A43¡C

Anderson, B.S. (1996) . The counselor and the law ( 4th ed.).

 Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

Anderson, D., & Swansen, C. D. (1994) . Legal issues in licensure.

( ACA Legal Series, vol.11). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling

Association.

ASSOCIATION OF STATE AND PROVINCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BOARDS¡]2002¡^.

 Summary of EPPP Content Areas. Retrieved  March 25, 2004, from the

World Wide Web: http://www.asppb.org/exam/epppsummary.htm.

California Board of Psychology(2003). Examinations.

Retrieved  March 25, 2004, from the World Wide Web:

http://www.psychboard.ca.gov/exams/

Corey, G., Corey, M. S., & Callanan, P. (1992). Issues and ethics  
in the helping professions. Pacific Grove, CA: Wadsworth, 
Inc.86-97.

Blocher, D. H. (1987). The professional counselor. New York:

 Macmillan.

Canter,M.B.,Bennett,B.E.,Jones,S.E., & Nagy,T.F.(1994).Ethics for

psychologists: A commentary on the APA ethics code. Washington, DC:

American Psychological Association.

Herlihy, B.,& Corey, G. (Eds.). (1996). ACA ethical standards

casebook (5thed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling

Association.

Rétfavi, T., & Simon, N. P. (1996). Licensing, certification,

registration, chartering, and credentialing. In L. J. Bass, S. T.

 DeMers, J. R. P. Ogloff, C. Peterson, J. L.  Pettifor, R. P. Reaves,

T. Rétfavi, N. P. Simon, C. Sinclair, & R. M. Tipton

¡]Eds.¡^,Professional conduct and discipline in

psychology(pp.39-51). Washington, DC: American Psychological

Association.

 

¡@


¥X³B¡G¤ý´¼¥°[2004¡A4¤ë]±q±M·~­Û²zªºÆ[ÂI¬Ý¤ß²z®vªkªº¹L¥h¡B²{¦b»P¥¼¨Ó¡C

            ¿Ô°Ó±M·~ºt¶i»P¹ê½î¾Ç³N¬ã°Q·|¡C¹ü¤Æ¿¤¡A¹ü¤Æ®v½d¤j¾Ç¡C